Literally Tawhid means “unification” (making something one) or “asserting oneness,” and it
comes from the Arabic verb “wahhada” which itself means to unite, unify, or
consolidate.
However, when the term Tawheed is used in reference to Allah
(i.e. Tawhidullah), it means realizing and maintaining of Allah’s unity in all
of man’s actions which directly or indirectly relate to Him.
Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, alone and the
abandonment of worship to others besides Him. As He, the Most High, said:“And verily, We have sent amongst every nation, a messenger
(proclaiming): “Worship Allaah (alone) and abandon the taaghoot [an-Nahl
(16):36]
The first thing that every prophet addressed his nation with
was:
“Worship Allaah, you have no other ilaah (deity
worthy of worship) but Him.” [al-A’raaf (7): 59]
It is the belief that Allah is One, without partner in His
dominion (Rububiyah), One without similitude in His essence and attributes
(Asma’ wa Sifat), and One without rival in His divinity and in worship
(Uluhiyah / Ibadah).
These three aspects form the basis for the categories into which
the science of Tawheed has been traditionally divided.The three overlap and are
inseparable to such a degree that whoever omits any one aspect has failed to
complete the requirements of Tawheed.
The omission of any of the above mentioned aspects of Tawheed is
referred to as Shirk (lit. sharing); the association of partners with Allah.In
Islamic terms, is in fact idolatry.
The three categories of Tawheed are commonly
referred to by the following titles:
1. Tawhid Al-Rububiyah (lit. “Maintaining the Unity of
Lordship”) that is, affirming that Allah is one, without partners in his
sovereignty.
2. Tawhid Al-Asma’ wa
Al-Sifat (lit. “Maintaining the Unity of Allah’s Names and Attributes,”) that
is, affirming that they are incomparable and unique.
3. Tawhid Al-Ibadah (lit. “Maintaining the Unity of Allah’s Worship”) that is,
affirming that Allah is alone in His right to be worshipped.
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