28.Types of Mischief that the Hypocrites commit
Ibn Jarir said, "The hypocrites commit mischief on
earth by disobeying their Lord on it and continuing in the prohibited acts.
They also abandon what Allah made obligatory and doubt His religion, even
though He does not accept a deed from anyone except with faith in His religion
and certainty of its truth. The hypocrites also lie to the believers by saying
contrary to the doubt and hesitation their hearts harbor. They give as much aid
as they can, against Allah's loyal friends, and support those who deny Allah,
His Books and His Messengers. This is how the hypocrites commit mischief on
earth, while thinking that they are doing righteous work on earth.''
The statement by Ibn Jarir is true, taking the disbelievers
as friends is one of the categories of mischief on the earth. Allah said,
﴿وَالَّذينَ كَفَرُواْ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ
إِلاَّ تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَفَسَادٌ كَبِيرٌ ﴾
(And those who disbelieve are allies of one another, if you
do not do this (help each other), there will be turmoil and oppression on the
earth, and great mischief.) (8:73), In this way Allah severed the loyalty
between the believers and the disbelievers. Similarly, Allah said,
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ
الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَجْعَلُواْ
للَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَاناً مُّبِيناً ﴾
(O you who believe! Do not take disbelievers as Awliya'
(protectors or helpers or friends) instead of believers. Do you wish to offer
Allah a manifest proof against yourselves) (4: 144).
Allah then said,
﴿إِنَّ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ فِى الدَّرْكِ الاٌّسْفَلِ مِنَ
النَّارِ وَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُمْ نَصِيراً ﴾
(Verily, the hyprocrites will be in the lowest depth of the
Fire; no helper will you find for them) (4:145).
Since the outward appearance of the hypocrite displays
belief, he confuses the true believers. Hence, the deceitful behavior of the
hypocrites is an act of mischief, because they deceive the believers by
claiming what they do not believe in, and because they give support and loyalty
to the disbelievers against the believers.
If the hypocrite remains a disbeliever (rather than
pretending to be Muslim), the evil that results from him would be less. Even
better, if the hypocrite becomes sincere with Allah and makes the statements
that he utters conform to his deeds, he will gain success. Allah said,
﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لاَ تُفْسِدُواْ فِى الأَرْضِ
قَالُواْ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ ﴾
(And when it is said to them: "Do not make mischief on
the earth,'' they say: "We are only peacemakers.'') meaning, "We seek
to be friends with both parties, the believers and the disbelievers, and to
have peace with both parties.'' Similarly, Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that Ibn
`Abbas said,
﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لاَ تُفْسِدُواْ فِى الأَرْضِ
قَالُواْ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ ﴾
(And when it is said to them: "Do not make mischief on
the earth,'' they say: "We are only peacemakers.'') means, "We seek
to make amends between the believers and the People of the Book. '' Allah said,
﴿أَلا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَـكِن لاَّ
يَشْعُرُونَ ﴾
(Verily, they are the ones who make mischief, but they
perceive not.). This Ayah means that the hypocrites' behavior, and their claim
that it is for peace, is itself mischief, although in their ignorance, they do
not see it to be mischief.
﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ ءَامِنُواْ كَمَآ ءَامَنَ النَّاسُ
قَالُواْ أَنُؤْمِنُ كَمَآ آمَنَ السُّفَهَآءُ أَلاَ إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهَآءُ
وَلَـكِن لاَّ يَعْلَمُونَ ﴾
(13. And when it is said to them: Believe as the people
believe,'' They say: "Shall we believe as the fools have believed''
Verily, they are the fools, but they do not know.)
Allah said that if the hypocrites are told,
﴿ءَامِنُواْ كَمَآ ءَامَنَ النَّاسُ﴾
("Believe as the people believe,''), meaning, `Believe
just as the believers believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers,
Resurrection after death, Paradise and Hellfire, etc. And obey Allah and His
Messenger by heeding the commandments and avoiding the prohibitions.' Yet the
hypocrites answer by saying,
﴿قَالُواْ أَنُؤْمِنُ كَمَآ آمَنَ السُّفَهَآءُ﴾
("Shall we believe as the fools have believed'') they
meant (may Allah curse the hypocrites) the Companions of the Messenger of Allah
. This is the same Tafsir given by Abu Al-`Aliyah and As-Suddi in his Tafsir,
with a chain of narration to Ibn `Abbas, Ibn Mas`ud and other Companions. This
is also the Tafsir of Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.
The hypocrites said, "Us and them having the same status, following the
same path, while they are fools!'' `The fool' is the ignorant, simple-minded
person who has little knowledge in areas of benefit and harm. This is why,
according to the majority of the scholars, Allah used the term foolish to
include children, when He said,
﴿وَلاَ تُؤْتُواْ السُّفَهَآءَ أَمْوَلَكُمُ الَّتِى جَعَلَ
اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَـماً﴾
(And do not give your property, which Allah has made a means
of support for you, to the foolish) (4:5).
Allah answered the hypocrites in all of these instances. For
instance, Allah said here,
﴿أَلاَ إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهَآءُ﴾
(Verily, they are the fools). Allah thus affirmed that the
hypocrites are indeed the fools, yet,
﴿وَلَـكِن لاَّ يَعْلَمُونَ﴾
(But they know not). Since they are so thoroughly ignorant,
the hypocrites are unaware of their degree of deviation and ignorance, and such
situation is more dangerous, a severer case of blindness, and further from the
truth than one who is aware.
﴿وَإِذَا لَقُواْ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ قَالُوا ءَامَنَّا
وَإِذَا خَلَوْاْ إِلَى شَيَـطِينِهِمْ قَالُواْ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ
مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ - اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِىءُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيَـنِهِمْ
يَعْمَهُونَ ﴾
(14. And when they meet those who believe, they say:
"We believe,'' but when they are alone with their Shayatin (devils), they
say: "Truly, we are with you; verily, we were but mocking.'') (15. Allah
mocks at them and leaves them increasing in their deviation to wander blindly.)
29.The Hypocrites' Cunning and Deceit
Allah said that when the hypocrites meet the believers, they
proclaim their faith and pretend to be believers, loyalists and friends. They
do this to misdirect, mislead and deceive the believers. The hypocrites also
want to have a share of the benefits and gains that the believers might
possibly acquire. Yet,
﴿وَإِذَا خَلَوْاْ إِلَى شَيَـطِينِهِمْ﴾
(But when they are alone with their Shayatin), meaning, if
they are alone with their devils, such as their leaders and masters among the
rabbis of the Jews, hypocrites and idolators.
30.Human and Jinn Devils
Ibn Jarir said, "The devils of every creation are the
mischievous among them. There are both human devils and Jinn devils. Allah
said,
﴿وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَا لِكُلِّ نِبِىٍّ عَدُوّاً شَيَـطِينَ
الإِنْسِ وَالْجِنِّ يُوحِى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ غُرُوراً﴾
(And so We have appointed for every
Prophet enemies ـ Shayatin (devils) among mankind and Jinn, inspiring one another
with adorned speech as a delusion (or by way of deception)) (6:112).
31.The Meaning of `Mocking
Allah said,
﴿قَالُواْ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ﴾
(They say: "Truly, we are with you''). Muhammad bin
Ishaq reported that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah means, "We are with you,
﴿إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ﴾
(Verily, we were but mocking), meaning, we only mock people
(the believers) and deceive them.'' Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas said that
the Ayah,
﴿إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ﴾
(Verily, we were but mocking), means, "We (meaning the
hypocrites) were mocking the Companions of Muhammad.'' Also, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas
and Qatadah said similarly. Allah's statement,
﴿اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِىءُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي
طُغْيَـنِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ ﴾
(Allah mocks at them and leaves them increasing in their
deviation to wander blindly) answers the hypocrites and punishes them for their
behavior. Ibn Jarir commented, "Allah mentioned what He will do to them on
the Day of Resurrection, when He said,
﴿يَوْمَ يَقُولُ الْمُنَـفِقُونَ وَالْمُنَـفِقَـتُ
لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ انظُرُونَا نَقْتَبِسْ مِن نُّورِكُمْ قِيلَ ارْجِعُواْ
وَرَآءَكُمْ فَالْتَمِسُواْ نُوراً فَضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُم بِسُورٍ لَّهُ بَابٌ
بَاطِنُهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَظَـهِرُهُ مِن قِبَلِهِ الْعَذَابُ ﴾
(On the Day when the hypocrites ـ men and women ـ will say to the believers: "Wait
for us! Let us get something from your light!'' It will be said: "Go back
to your rear! Then seek a light!'' So a wall will be put up between them, with
a gate therein. Inside it will be mercy, and outside it will be torment.) (57:13),
and,
﴿وَلاَ يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ أَنَّمَا نُمْلِى
لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ لاًّنفُسِهِمْ إِنَّمَا نُمْلِى لَهُمْ لِيَزْدَادُواْ إِثْمَاً﴾
(And let not the disbelievers think that Our postponing of
their punishment is good for them. We postpone the punishment only so that they
may increase in sinfulness.) (3:178).''
He then said, "This, and its like, is Allah's mockery
of the hypocrites and the people of Shirk.''
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